ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in head and neck.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review of the medical records for the cases of PNET in head and neck from 2004 to 2014. General clinical information including diagnosis and treatments was obtained and analyzed. A literature review was also conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 5 cases diagnosed with PNET were included. Of 5 patients, one patient with lesion in the temporal field was treated with radical resection, followed by radiotherapy, and a 24-month follow-up showed no recurrence. Three patients presented with maxillary, infratemporal fossa or cheek invasion respectively, after diagnosed with pathological examination, one patient received preoperation radiotherapy plus radical resection and postoperative chemotherapy, and the lesions had no obvious progress with follow-up of 106 months; one patient was applied with preoperative chemotherapy plus extensive resection and postoperation radiotherapy, showed recurrence 15 months later, and was lost to follow-up; and another patient underwent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and extensive resection, presented with pulmonary metastasis 5 months later, and died of brain metastasis within 25 months. One foreign patient presented with tumor involved submaxillary, mouth and tongue, the tumor was reduced obviously after chemotherapy, but he was lost to follow-up after getting home.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PNET in head and neck is rare and the clinical profile of PNET is the presence of occupying and compression. The pathology examination is an only way to confirm the diagnosis of PNET. The combination of excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the treatment choice.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Brain Neoplasms , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Pathology , Therapeutics , Lost to Follow-Up , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive , Diagnosis , Pathology , Therapeutics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical and pathologic features of gliosarcoma of cerebral hemispheres.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic features of 10 cases of gliosarcoma involving cerebral hemispheres were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study was carried out using EnVision method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age of the patients was 54 years and the male-to-female ratio was 6 to 4. Clinical symptoms included headache (6/10), nausea/vomiting (5/10), and sensory or motor impairment (4/10). Nine of the cases were primary gliosarcoma, with maximum diameter ranging from 2.4 to 5.5 cm (mean = 4.2 cm). The remaining case represented secondary gliosarcoma involving skull base and extracranial tissues. Histologic examination showed a biphasic pattern in all cases. Regarding the glial component, there were 9 cases of pleomorphic glioblastoma and 1 case of giant cell glioblastoma. Reticulin stain was positive in all cases. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells variably expressed GFAP (10/10), p16 (4/10), EGFR (1/10), CD68 (1/10) and p53 (6/10). The Ki-67 index ranged from 15% to 70% (mean = 34%). Six patients had follow-up data available. One patient was disease-free for 45 months and 5 patients died of the disease at 3 to 17 months after the operation (mean duration of survival = 9 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gliosarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor, often locates in the deeper part cerebral hemispheres and has a relatively short duration of symptoms. It carries a poor prognosis. GFAP immunostain and reticulin stain are helpful in confirming the diagnosis. p53 and p16 are also expressed in some cases.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Cerebrum , Pathology , Glioblastoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Gliosarcoma , Metabolism , Pathology , Neuroglia , PathologyABSTRACT
Medullary thyroid cancer is a kind of rare malignancy arising from unregulated replication of parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Therapeutic approaches to patients with medullary thyroid cancer have their own features,which are different from those to patients with papillary thyroid cancer,the most com-mon type of thyroid cancer. The targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors has brought new hope for the management of aggressive medullary thyroid cancer in recent years.
ABSTRACT
The expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) gene and its effect on chemotherapeutic sensitivity in bladder carcinoma was explored. By using immunohistochemistry,the expression of XIAP was detected in 47 bladder carcinomas and 5 normal bladder tissues. The XIAP gene was transfected into bladder cancer cell line T24 by liposome and the positive clone was screened by G418. Cellular XIAP mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Low-dose mitocycin C was administered to induce the apoptosis of T24 cells. The in vitro growth of bladder carcinoma cells was analyzed by MTT colorimetry, and the apoptosis rate was assayed by TUNEL methods. It was found XIAP was moderately expressed in bladder carcinomas with the the positive rate being 78.73% (37/47), but the positive rate was not correlated with carcinoma stages and grades (P＜0.05). XIAP mRNA level in transfected T24 cells was significantly increased by 3.8 times as compared with that in the cells not transfected with XIAP. After treatment with low-dose mitomycin C (0.005 and 0.05 mg/mL), the growth rate in XIAP no-transfected control group was increased by (11.60±0.25)% and (16.51±0.87)% (P＜0.05), and the apoptosis rate was decreased by (10.1±0.2)% and (11.9±0.2%) (P＜0.05) respectively as compared with XIAP transfected group. It was concluded that XIAP was expressed in most of bladder carcimoma samples. Overexpression of XIAP in T24 could significantly reduce the MMC-induced apoptosis of bladder carcinoma, suggesting its effect on the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of T24 cells.
ABSTRACT
The expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) gene and its effect on chemotherapeutic sensitivity in bladder carcinoma was explored. By using immunohistochemistry, the expression of XIAP was detected in 47 bladder carcinomas and 5 normal bladder tissues. The XIAP gene was transfected into bladder cancer cell line T24 by liposome and the positive clone was screened by G418. Cellular XIAP mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR. Low-dose mitomycin C was administered to induce the apoptosis of T24 cells. The in vitro growth of bladder carcinoma cells was analyzed by MTT colorimetry, and the apoptosis rate was assayed by TUNEL methods. It was found XIAP was moderately expressed in bladder carcinomas with the the positive rate being 78.73% (37/47), but the positive rate was not correlated with carcinoma stages and grades (P<0.05). XIAP mRNA level in transfected T24 cells was significantly increased by 3.8 times as compared with that in the cells not transfected with XIAP. After treatment with low-dose mitomycin C (0.005 and 0.05 mg/mL), the growth rate in XIAP no-transfected control group was increased by (11.60+/-0.25)% and (16.51+/-0.87)% (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate was decreased by (10.1+/-0.2)% and (11.9+/-0.2%) (P<0.05) respectively as compared with XIAP transfected group. It was concluded that XIAP was expressed in most of bladder carcinoma samples. Overexpression of XIAP in T24 could significantly reduce the MMC-induced apoptosis of bladder carcinoma, suggesting its effect on the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of T24 cells.